Traveling across the country in a small van

VisitMaryland.org Native Americans The first inhabitants of Maryland were Paleo-Indians who came more than 10,000 years ago from other parts of North America to hunt mammoth, great bison and caribou. By 1,000 B.C., Maryland had more than 8,000 Native Americans in about 40 different tribes.

• Most of them spoke Algonquian languages.
• They grew corn, peas, squash and tobacco.
• They also hunted, fished and traded with tribes as far away as New York and Ohio.
• We do not know what the Native Americans called the Chesapeake Bay.
• That name came from the Native American word “Chesepiuk,” an Algonquian name for a village that the Roanoke, Virginia colonists discovered in 1585 near the mouth of the Bay.

Later, mapmakers used the word to name the Bay. People have said that Chesapeake means “great salt water” or “great shellfish bay,” but no records exist to verify those definitions. On the map of the state, you’ll see names of other places, such as Potomac, Piscataway, Accokeek and Choptank, that remind us of the Native Americans who lived here before there was a Maryland.

• The First Colonists Giovanni da Verrazano, an Italian explorer in the 1500s, was the first European to visit the Chesapeake.
• Later came English settlers, who left England for more economic opportunities and to escape religious oppression.
• In 1608, Captain John Smith thought there was “no place more perfect for man’s habitation” than the Chesapeake Bay.

Fur trader William Claiborne thought so, too, and set up a fur trading post on Kent Island in 1631. This was the first English settlement in the upper Chesapeake. Maryland began as a colony when King Charles I promised George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, a colony north of Virginia.

Before he could visit the colony, George Calvert died. His son, Cecilius, became the second Lord Baltimore and the Lord Proprietor of Maryland. He named his colony “Terra Maria,” or “Maryland” in honor of the king’s wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. Because Cecilius Calvert had to remain in England, he sent his younger brother, Leonard, to accompany the colonists and to be the first governor.

: VisitMaryland.org

Who was the proprietor of the colony of Maryland Brainly?

Maryland colony first proprietor is Cecil Calvert. His father’s name was George Calvert, who is also well known as Lord Baltimore. He had created a refuge for Catholics and King made this charter official but he could not able to see that. He died before it. His land was newly granted Maryland.

Was Maryland founded as a proprietorship?

Founding charter – Henrietta Maria, the English queen after whom the colony was named The Catholic George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, (1579–1632), former Secretary of State to King Charles I of England, wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the New World.

1. After having visited the Americas and founded a colony in the future Canadian province of Newfoundland called ” Avalon “, he convinced the King to grant him a second territory in more southern, temperate climes.
2. Upon Baltimore’s death in 1632 the grant was transferred to his eldest son Cecil, the 2nd Baron Baltimore.

On 20 June 1632, Charles granted the original charter for Maryland, a proprietary colony of about twelve million acres (49,000 km²), to the 2nd Baron Baltimore. Some historians view this grant as a form of compensation for the 2nd Lord Baltimore’s father’s having been stripped of his title of Secretary of State upon announcing his Roman Catholicism in 1625.

1. The charter offered no guidelines on religion, although it was assumed that Catholics would not be molested in the new colony.
2. Whatever the reason for granting the colony specifically to Lord Baltimore, however, the King had practical reasons to create a colony north of the Potomac in 1632.
3. The colony of New Netherland begun by England’s great imperial rival in this era, the United Provinces, specifically claimed the Delaware River valley and was vague about its border with Virginia.

Charles rejected all the Dutch claims on the Atlantic seaboard, but was anxious to bolster English claims by formally occupying the territory. The new colony was named after the devoutly Catholic Queen Henrietta Maria, by an agreement between the 1st Lord Baltimore and King Charles I.

Colonial Maryland was considerably larger than the present-day State of Maryland, The original charter granted the Calverts a province with a boundary line that started “from the promontory or headland, called Watkin’s Point, situate upon the bay aforesaid near the river Wighco on the West, unto the main ocean on the east; and between that boundary on the south, unto that part of the bay of Delaware on the north, which lyeth under the 40th degree of north latitude from the aequinoctial, where New England is terminated.” p.116 The boundary line would then continue westward along the fortieth parallel “unto the true meridian of the first fountain of the river Pattowmack “.

From there, the boundary continued south to the southern bank of the Potomac River, continue along the southern river bank to the Chesapeake Bay, and “thence by the shortest line unto the aforesaid promontory, or place, called Watkin’s Point.” p.38. Based on this deceptively imprecise description of the boundary, the land may have comprised up to 18,750 square miles (48,600 km 2 ), 50% larger than today’s State.

Was the first proprietor of Maryland Catholic?

The Right Honourable The Lord Baltimore
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore Retrospective painting by Florence MacKubin, 1910
Governor of Newfoundland (Avalon)
In office 1629–1632
Monarch	Charles I
Proprietor of the Maryland colony
In office 1632–1675
Personal details
Born	8 August 1605 Kent, England
Died	30 November 1675 (aged 70) Middlesex, England
Spouse	Anne Arundell
Children	9, including The 3rd Baron Baltimore
Parent(s)	George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore Anne Mynne
Alma mater	Trinity College, Oxford
Occupation	lawyer politician

Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675), was an English nobleman, also often known as Cecilius Calvert, who was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and second of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast.

His title was “First Lord Proprietary, Earl Palatine of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon in America”. He received the proprietorship after the death of his father, The 1st Baron Baltimore (1579 – 15 April 1632), for whom it had been intended. Cecil, Lord Baltimore, established and managed the Province of Maryland from his home, Kiplin Hall, in North Yorkshire, England.

As an English Roman Catholic, he continued the legacy of his father by promoting religious tolerance in the colony. Maryland became a haven for Catholics in the New World, particularly important at a time of religious persecution in England. Lord Baltimore governed Maryland for forty-two years.

Who made Lord Baltimore proprietor?

Answer and Explanation: – Lord Baltimore was made the proprietor of Maryland in 1632 by English King Charles I. Baltimore was a Roman Catholic at a time when English society was based around the Protestant Church of England. Because of this, Baltimore (following his late father’s desires), sought to establish a colony in North America that would serve as a safe haven for Catholics, and establish religious tolerance in general.

Who was the proprietor of the colony of Maryland quizlet?

It did not permit freedom to Jews. Contrast the ownership of the colony of Maryland with the ownership of the colonies that were founded earlier. As proprietor, Lord Baltimore owned Maryland. It was his responsibility, not one of a company, to start the colony.

Who founded the colony of Maryland?

Pre-Colonial History – George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to Charles I for a royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. After Calvert died in April 1632, the charter for “Maryland Colony” was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632.

The colony was named in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I. Led by Leonard Calvert, Cecil Calvert’s younger brother, the first settlers departed from Cowes, on the Isle of Wight, on November 22, 1633 aboard two small ships, the Ark and the Dove. Their landing on March 25, 1634 at St.

Clement’s Island in southern Maryland, is commemorated by the state each year on that date as Maryland Day. This was the site of the first Catholic mass in the Colonies, with Father Andrew White leading the service. The first group of colonists consisted of 17 gentlemen and their wives, and about two hundred others, mostly indentured servants who could work off their passage.

After purchasing land from the Yaocomico Indians and establishing the town of St. Mary’s, Leonard, per his brother’s instructions, attempted to govern the country under feudalistic precepts. Meeting resistance, in February 1635, he summoned a colonial assembly. In 1638, the Assembly forced him to govern according to the laws of England.

The right to initiate legislation passed to the assembly. In 1638, Calvert seized a trading post in Kent Island established by the Virginian William Claiborne. In 1644, Claiborne led an uprising of Maryland Protestants. Calvert was forced to flee to Virginia, but he returned at the head of an armed force in 1646 and reasserted proprietarial rule.

Maryland soon became one of the few predominantly Catholic regions among the English colonies in North America. Maryland was also one of the key destinations where the government sent tens of thousands of English convicts punished by sentences of transportation. Such punishment persisted until the Revolutionary War.

The founders designed the city plan of the colonial capital, St. Mary’s City, to reflect their world view. At the center of the city was the home of the mayor of St. Mary’s City. From that point, streets were laid out that created two triangles. Located at two points of the triangle extending to the west were the first Maryland state house and a jail.

Extending to the north of the mayor’s home, the remaining two points of the second triangle were defined by a Catholic church and a school. The design of the city was a literal separation of church and state that reinforced the importance of religious freedom. The largest site of the original Maryland colony, St.

Mary’s City was the seat of colonial government until 1708. Because Anglicanism had become the official religion in Virginia, a band of Puritans in 1642 left for Maryland; they founded Providence (now called Annapolis). In 1650, the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. They set up a new government prohibiting both Catholicism and Anglicanism.

In March 1655, the 2nd Lord Baltimore sent an army under Governor William Stone to put down this revolt. Near Annapolis, his Roman Catholic army was decisively defeated by a Puritan army in the Battle of the Severn. The Puritan revolt lasted until 1658, when the Calvert family regained control and re-enacted the Toleration Act.

The Puritan revolutionary government persecuted Maryland Catholics during its reign. Mobs burned down all the original Catholic churches of southern Maryland. In 1708, the seat of government was moved to Providence, renamed Annapolis in honor of Queen Anne.

• St. Mary’s City is now an archaeological site, with a small tourist center.
• Just as the city plan for St.
• Mary’s City reflected the ideals of the founders, the city plan of Annapolis reflected those in power at the turn of the 18th century.
• The plan of Annapolis extends from two circles at the center of the city – one including the State House and the other the Anglican St.

Anne’s Church (now Episcopal). The plan reflected a stronger relationship between church and state, and a colonial government more closely aligned with the Protestant church. Tobacco was the main export crop in the colonial era; it involved a great deal of hand labor, usually done by slaves, the original royal charter granted Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. This was found to be a problem, as the northern boundary would have put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland.

1. The Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania, decided in 1750 to engage two surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, to establish a boundary.
2. They surveyed what became known as the Mason–Dixon Line, which became the boundary between the two colonies.

The crests of the Penn family and of the Calvert family were put at the Mason–Dixon line to mark it. Later the Mason–Dixon line was used as a boundary between free and slave states under the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

Who owns a proprietorship?

A sole proprietor is someone who owns an unincorporated business by himself or herself. However, if you are the sole member of a domestic limited liability company (LLC), you are not a sole proprietor if you elect to treat the LLC as a corporation. If you are a sole proprietor use the information in the chart below to help you determine some of the forms that you may be required to file.

IF you are liable for:	THEN use Form:
Income Tax	1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return or 1040-SR, U.S. Tax Return for Seniors and Schedule C (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), Profit or Loss from Business
Self-employment tax	Schedule SE (Form 1040 or 1040-SR), Self-Employment Tax
Estimated tax	1040-ES, Estimated Tax for Individuals
Social Security and Medicare taxes and income tax withholding	941, Employer’s Quarterly Federal Tax Return 943, Employer’s Annual Federal Tax Return for Agricultural Employees 944, Employer’s Annual Federal Tax Return
Providing information on Social Security and Medicare taxes and income tax withholding	W-2, Wage and Tax Statement (to employee) and W-3, Transmittal of Wage and Tax Statements (to the Social Security Administration)
Federal unemployment (FUTA) tax	940, Employer’s Annual Federal Unemployment (FUTA) Tax Return
Filing information returns for payments to nonemployees and transactions with other persons	See Information Returns
Excise Taxes	Refer to the Excise Tax webpage

Page Last Reviewed or Updated: 14-Sep-2022

Who was the proprietor of Maryland What was the first settlement?

VisitMaryland.org Native Americans The first inhabitants of Maryland were Paleo-Indians who came more than 10,000 years ago from other parts of North America to hunt mammoth, great bison and caribou. By 1,000 B.C., Maryland had more than 8,000 Native Americans in about 40 different tribes.

1. Most of them spoke Algonquian languages.
2. They grew corn, peas, squash and tobacco.
3. They also hunted, fished and traded with tribes as far away as New York and Ohio.
4. We do not know what the Native Americans called the Chesapeake Bay.
5. That name came from the Native American word “Chesepiuk,” an Algonquian name for a village that the Roanoke, Virginia colonists discovered in 1585 near the mouth of the Bay.

Later, mapmakers used the word to name the Bay. People have said that Chesapeake means “great salt water” or “great shellfish bay,” but no records exist to verify those definitions. On the map of the state, you’ll see names of other places, such as Potomac, Piscataway, Accokeek and Choptank, that remind us of the Native Americans who lived here before there was a Maryland.

The First Colonists Giovanni da Verrazano, an Italian explorer in the 1500s, was the first European to visit the Chesapeake. Later came English settlers, who left England for more economic opportunities and to escape religious oppression. In 1608, Captain John Smith thought there was “no place more perfect for man’s habitation” than the Chesapeake Bay.

Fur trader William Claiborne thought so, too, and set up a fur trading post on Kent Island in 1631. This was the first English settlement in the upper Chesapeake. Maryland began as a colony when King Charles I promised George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, a colony north of Virginia.

Before he could visit the colony, George Calvert died. His son, Cecilius, became the second Lord Baltimore and the Lord Proprietor of Maryland. He named his colony “Terra Maria,” or “Maryland” in honor of the king’s wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. Because Cecilius Calvert had to remain in England, he sent his younger brother, Leonard, to accompany the colonists and to be the first governor.

: VisitMaryland.org

Which colony was a proprietorship?

British America colonies before the American Revolution – The provinces of Maryland, Carolina and several other colonies in the Americas were initially established under the proprietary system. King Charles II used the proprietary solution to reward allies and focus his own attention on Britain itself.

He offered his friends colonial charters which facilitated private investment and colonial self-government. The charters made the proprietor the effective ruler, albeit one ultimately responsible to English Law and the King. Charles II gave the former Dutch colony New Netherlands to his younger brother The Duke of York, who established the Province of New York,

He gave an area to William Penn who established the Province of Pennsylvania, The British America colonies before the American Revolution consisted of 20 colonies on the continent’s mainland. After the conflict, thirteen of those became states of the United States of America.

• Newfoundland Colony
• Province of Nova Scotia
• Province of New Brunswick
• Colony of St. John’s Island (now Prince Edward Island)
• Province of Quebec
• Virginia Colony
• Province of Georgia
• Province of North Carolina
• Province of South Carolina
• Province of Pennsylvania
• Province of Massachusetts Bay
• Province of New Hampshire
• Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
• Connecticut Colony
• Province of Maryland
• Province of New York
• Province of New Jersey
• Delaware Colony

Who was the proprietor of the colony of Maryland Edgenuity?

Answer and Explanation: – Cecil Calvert was the first Proprietor of Maryland after King Charles I officially granted the charter in 1632. Maryland was not initially intended for him, however. Calvert’s father was George Calvert, also known as Lord Baltimore.

Who founded Maryland for Catholics?

By the end of this section, you will: –

• Explain how and why various European colonies developed and expanded from 1607 to 1754
• Explain how and why environmental and other factors shaped the development and expansion of various British colonies that developed and expanded from 1607 to 1754
• Explain how and why the movement of a variety of people and ideas across the Atlantic contributed to the development of American culture over time

Virginia’s English colonists were nervous. Since founding Jamestown in 1607, they had endured cold winters, starvation, war with Indians, and changes in their colonial charter. Now, in 1634, they had a new concern: English Roman Catholics were about to become their neighbors to the north.

• Remember that in this time, religion and politics were closely related, and since the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, for whom the Virginia colony had been named, England had committed itself to Protestantism.
• Yet in 1632, King Charles I granted a charter to the second Lord Baltimore, Cecil Calvert, to begin a colony in the Chesapeake, right next to Virginia.

Cecil and his father, George, had converted to Roman Catholicism in the 1620s. All sorts of fears ran through the Virginians’ minds. What if the Catholics coming to the Calvert’s new colony converted Virginian Protestants to their faith? What if these English Catholics threw off the king’s authority once they were an ocean away? Worst of all, what if they allied with Florida’s Spanish Catholics or Canada’s French Catholics and conquered the entire Atlantic Coast under the banner of Roman Catholicism? The Calverts knew these fears could disrupt their plans.

1. In their minds, the colony would be a refuge for English Catholics, who had long been persecuted by their Protestant countrymen.
2. They worried that anti-Catholic anger might keep their colony (named Maryland in honor of King Charles’ wife, Queen Henrietta Maria) from succeeding.
3. In an attempt to address Protestant fears, the Calverts published a paper titled “Objections Answered Touching Maryland.” They insisted that they posed no threat to the Protestant colonies in Virginia and New England.

They assured their Protestant countrymen that there was no conspiracy to subvert the English Crown, to ally with the Spanish, or to proselytize their Protestant neighbors. All the Maryland colonists wanted, the Calverts explained, was to worship freely as Catholics and live in peace and harmony with their neighbors. (a) Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, founded Maryland as a place for Catholics to worship freely. He is shown here in a seventeenth-century Dutch portrait. (b) Today, the Maryland state flag includes the black and yellow Calvert coat of arms, which you can also see in the center right of the document in Calvert’s hand.

As it turned out, Maryland’s founders were in for a disappointment. Relatively few English Catholics made the long trek across the Atlantic. The colony founded to be a refuge for Catholics held greater appeal for Protestant dissenters, such as Quakers and Puritans who disagreed with the Church of England.

The Calverts had imagined a Catholic colony but ended up with religious diversity. Maryland’s real problem was figuring out how its religiously diverse people, a mix of England’s religious outsiders and members of the Church of England, could live with each other in harmony and order.

In 1649, Maryland’s assembly proposed a remedy, passing a landmark bill called the “Act Concerning Religion,” also referred to as the Maryland Toleration Act or the Toleration Act. The act made it illegal for Marylanders to use derogatory religious terms for each other, including “heretic, schismatic, idolater – popish priest, Jesuited papist – or any other name or term in a reproachful manner relating to matters of religion.” More important, the act decreed all Christians free to worship as they wished, so long as they believed in the Trinity (the existence of God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) and in the divinity of Jesus Christ.

No Christians would be persecuted for their faith, and none could be forced to attend services of or pay tithes to any other denomination. The Act was truly ground breaking. For the first time in English law, all Christians were promised free exercise of religion. Broadsides were large sheets of paper that were plastered onto walls to display advertisements, political proclamations, and other information. This broadside was circulated in 1649, when Maryland’s assembly passed the Toleration Act, which decreed that no Christians should be persecuted for their faith.

Unfortunately for Maryland’s Catholics, events back in England frequently disrupted colonial harmony. King Charles I’s own Catholic leanings, together with his high-handed use of monarchical power, eventually led to the English Civil War (1642-1645). After Charles’s defeat and execution for treason in 1649, England was ruled by the Puritan Oliver Cromwell.

Under the authority of the English Parliament, Puritans seized control of Maryland. These new overseers, staunch Reformed Protestants, were not friendly toward Catholicism. They immediately repealed the Toleration Act and banned Catholics from openly worshiping.

After the English monarchy was restored in 1660 by Charles I’s son, King Charles II, the Toleration Act was reinstated. But tensions between pro-Catholic Englishmen and Reformed Protestants continued. After Charles II’s death in 1685, his brother James II became king. Britain’s Protestants, increasingly nervous at James’s friendliness with France, decided they had had enough of pro-Catholic kings.

In 1688, England overthrew James and replaced him with the Dutch Protestant William of Orange, who was married to Mary, the daughter of James. This “Glorious Revolution” affirmed the Protestant character of the English monarchy once and for all. It also allowed simmering anti-Catholic sentiment in England and the North American colonies to boil over. Religion and politics were a deadly mix in England and its colonies in the mid to late seventeenth century. The English Civil War saw the execution of the pro-Catholic Charles I outside Whitehall Palace in London. Religious tensions continued during the reigns of the Puritan leader Oliver Cromwell, Charles II (the son of the beheaded King Charles I), and James II (Charles II’s pro-Catholic brother) until the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

1. In Maryland, resentment against Catholic leaders had been growing for decades.
2. Although the majority of the population was Protestant, Catholics retained control of the proprietary government and reinstated the Toleration Act.
3. At least according to some Protestants, Maryland’s religious liberty was a farce.

Catholics appeared to enjoy all the power and all the wealth. Protestants complained that Catholic officials monopolized political offices, imposed unfair taxes, and lived in luxury while Protestant ministers struggled to make a living. Some non-Catholics whispered that Maryland Catholics had allied with the Seneca Indians for the “total destroying of all the Protestants.” When word of James II’s ouster came across the Atlantic, Protestants in Maryland rejoiced, while Catholics continued to hope that James II might still put down the rebellion.

• Finally, Protestants acted against the Catholic proprietors.
• John Coode, an Anglican minister and zealous anti-Catholic, led an armed force against the colonial capital, present-day Annapolis.
• When the Catholic government tried to rally Marylanders to put down Coode’s Rebellion, it found few who were willing.

Eventually, Lord Baltimore’s men were forced to surrender on August 1, 1689. With a new Protestant governor in place, Marylanders openly passed a wave of repressive, anti-Catholic religious and civil measures. The Toleration Act was revoked again, Catholic worship was banned, and Catholics were barred from voting.

• The ground-breaking religious freedom that Maryland’s Catholics had extended to Protestants in 1649 was not enjoyed again until the time of the American Revolution.
• Eventually, the principle of religious liberty that Maryland first put forward in the Toleration Act was expanded to include non-Christians and was enshrined in U.S.

law.

Why did Catholics come to Maryland?

Soon after, Maryland’s reputation for religious tolerance motivated many Catholics throughout the British Isles to emigrate. Maryland was a place for both profit and worship. It was also an opportunity for Catholics to introduce their religion to the Native population of the region.

Who was the leader of Maryland Colony?

Fast Facts: Maryland Colony –

The Maryland Colony was founded in 1632 after its charter was approved by King Charles I. It was a proprietary colony of Cecil Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore.Like other settlements in the New World, the Maryland Colony was established as a religious refuge. Although it was created as a haven for English Catholics, many of the original settlers were Protestants.In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, the first law in the New World designed to encourage religious tolerance.

What is Lord Baltimore famous for?

Lord Baltimore is credited as the founder of Maryland through the procurement of the colony charter from King Charles I of England on June 20, 1632.

What did Lord Baltimore do for Maryland?

Home Politics, Law & Government World Leaders Other Politicians Alternate titles: George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, Sir George Calvert George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, also called (1617–25) Sir George Calvert, (born 1578/79, Kipling, Yorkshire, Eng.—died April 15, 1632), English statesman who projected the founding of the North American province of Maryland, in an effort to find a sanctuary for practicing Roman Catholics.

Calvert was educated at Trinity College, Oxford (B.A., 1597), and became secretary to Robert Cecil, afterward earl of Salisbury. Calvert served in the House of Commons from 1609 to 1611. He was knighted in 1617, became a secretary of state in 1619, and was given a pension in 1620. Serving in the House of Commons from 1621, he had the tasks of communicating King James I’s policy and of obtaining royal supplies.

He was distrusted by the Parliament and was in favour of the unpopular alliance with Spain and the king’s Spanish marriage. On Feb.12, 1625, after he had declared himself a Roman Catholic, Calvert gave up his office, was created Baron Baltimore in the Irish peerage, and received a grant of large estates in Ireland,

1. In 1621 Baltimore had sent Captain Edward Wynne to Newfoundland to establish a small settlement named Ferryland; two years later he procured a charter for the colony under the name Avalon,
2. In order to assure the prosperity of his holdings in the New World, Baltimore visited Avalon briefly in 1627 and returned with most of his family the following year.

In the course of this extended visit, conflict arose over his Roman Catholic practices, the saying of masses, and the presence of priests who had accompanied him to Avalon. In addition, the climate proved too severe, taking its toll in death and illness among the settlers, and Lady Baltimore left the colony for Virginia in 1628.

• Baltimore thereupon petitioned King Charles I for a land grant in the more temperate Chesapeake Bay area and, without waiting for a reply, sailed for Jamestown to join his wife.
• He was, however, forbidden to settle in Virginia because of his religion,
• He therefore returned to England to plead his case for the Maryland charter but died before a new cession could be secured.

(The cession was secured by his son.) This article was most recently revised and updated by Letricia Dixon,

Who was the proprietor of the colony of Pennsylvania?

Atwater-Kent Museum Portrait of Young William Penn in Armor, date and artist unknown. William Penn (October 14, 1644–July 30, 1718) founded the Province of Pennsylvania, the British North American colony that became the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The democratic principles that he set forth served as an inspiration for the United States Constitution.

What was the first settlement in Maryland?

Maryland – The colony In 1608 the English explorer Capt. sailed into and stayed for several weeks to map the shoreline. With reference to the countryside around the bay, Smith exclaimed, “Heaven and earth seemed never to have agreed better to frame a place for man’s habitation.” In 1632 Cecilius Calvert was granted a charter for the land as a in which his fellow Roman Catholics might escape the restrictions placed on them in England.

1. The first governor of the,, the younger brother of Cecilius, landed the founding expedition on St.
2. Clements Island in the lower Potomac in March 1634.
3. The first settlement and capital was St.
4. Marys City.
5. Aware of the mistakes made by first colonists, Maryland’s settlers, rather than hunt for gold, made peace with the local Native Americans and established farms and trading posts, at first on the shores and islands of the lower Chesapeake.

The field hands included indentured labourers working off the terms of their passage and, after about 1639, African slaves. The most important crop was tobacco. Roads and towns were few, and contact with the English-model manor houses was largely by water.

The Calvert family provided for religious freedom in the colony, and this was formalized by the General Assembly in 1649 in an Act Concerning Religion, later famous as the Act of Religious Toleration. It granted freedom of worship, though only within the bounds of Trinitarian Christianity. One of the earliest laws of religious liberty, it was limited to Christians and repealed in 1692.

Commercial disputes with Anglican Virginia and boundary quarrels with Quaker Pennsylvania and Delaware did not affect this tolerance. ascendancy in England (1648–60) caused only brief turmoil. A 1689 rebellion by Protestants overthrew the officers, leading to an interval of crown rule in the royal colony of Maryland (1692–1715).

• During that period the was formally established.
• In 1715 Maryland once again became a proprietary colony of the Calverts, who had converted to Protestantism.
• Maryland nonetheless remained a haven for dissidents from sectarian rigidity in other colonies.
• By the 1660s the Protestant majority in Maryland came to resent the colony’s Roman Catholic leadership in St.

Marys City. As the population centre shifted to the north and west, the capital was moved to Protestant-dominated Anne Arundel Town (now Annapolis) in 1694. In 1729 Baltimore was founded. Maryland’s dominant “country party” early resisted British efforts to make the colonies bear more of the costs of government.

• Frederick county the in 1765, and in 1774, the year after the, a ship loaded with tea was burned at an Annapolis dock.
• The long-standing dispute between Maryland and over their common border was settled in 1767 when Great Britain recognized 39°43′ N as the legal boundary.
• The boundary was named the for its surveyors.

Thereafter, this line came to be regarded as the traditional division between the North and the South. Marylanders took an active part in the, Maryland is sometimes called the “Old Line State” in honour of the Maryland troops who served with Gen. Among the most-reliable troops in the Continental Army, they were often given difficult tasks; called them “The Maryland Line.” The, often on the move to avoid British troops, spent a winter in Baltimore.

At the close of the war, it in Annapolis, where it accepted Washington’s resignation from the army and ratified the Treaty of Paris (1783), which acknowledged the independence of the colonies. Postwar problems included the of confiscated loyalist property, the struggle for paper money, and debtor relief.

Maryland’s controversy with Virginia over the use of the Potomac and lower Chesapeake Bay, resulting in the Compact of 1785, led toward the (1787), as did the of 1786, at which Maryland was not represented. distinguished himself as a representative of Maryland at the Convention.

1. Maryland ratified the on April 28, 1788, the seventh state to do so.
2. It also ceded territory and advanced money for public buildings to help form the (1791).
3. When harassment on the and other factors brought on the, s, sailing as privateers, dealt more than equal punishment to British ships.
4. In 1814 the British troops who had burned the principal government buildings in Washington, D.C., were repulsed in their attempts to inflict similar punishment on Baltimore.

, a Georgetown lawyer and an eyewitness to the bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British in Baltimore’s harbour, wrote the four eight-line stanzas that, set to existing music, became the, “,” in 1931. With peace, Maryland and the rest of the concentrated on making improvements in transport and communication.

The, or National Road, the first road to cross the, was completed to, Virginia (later West Virginia), in 1818. In 1828 workers began construction on the first U.S. passenger railroad, the, and on the, from Washington to Cumberland. The following year, the, long under construction across the northern part of the, was completed.

It connected the to Chesapeake Bay. The country’s first intercity telegraph line was constructed between Washington, D.C., and Baltimore in 1843–44. In 1845 the U.S. Naval Academy was founded on the in Annapolis. The Civil War, however, arrested Maryland’s progress.

Landed gentry and residents of the Eastern Shore supported the secessionist South, while workingmen and western Marylanders stood up for the Union; a third faction favoured neutrality. In 1861 federal troops occupied Baltimore and Annapolis, and was imposed in this border state. Confederate armies mounted three major invasions of Maryland territory in successive summers; they were checked at, they met full defeat at, Pennsylvania, and their threat to Washington, D.C., was dissipated in 1864.

The constitution of 1864 abolished slavery and removed power from the rural, The more-cautious constitution of 1867 remains in force. : Maryland – The colony

Which of the following statements defines a proprietorship in the middle colonies?

Which of the following statements defines a proprietorship in the middle colonies? A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to an individual in exchange for a share of future profits.