Traveling across the country in a small van

In the early years, both Virginia and Maryland developed based on trade. After disease and the lack of food devastated Virginia, the Virginia Company realized that they had to focus more on food and commodities than gold. To substitute this gold, tobacco allowed the colony to grow and thrive.

What did Maryland and Virginia have in common?

What were the similarities and differences between the Virginia colony and the Maryland colony? The similarities were that they both had similar governments. Both colonies had governors and elected assemblies. They both had mild climate, tobacco farming, and the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River.

Why was Maryland founded different from the Virginia colony?

This- proprietary colony was named Maryland. The development of Maryland differed greatly from that of, Virginia. Primarily, it was settled as a religious refuge for Catholics, unlike Virginia, which was an economic venture.

In what ways was Maryland unique from Virginia?

Why was England slow to establish New World colonies? They were not that interested to compete with the Spanish in establishing colonies. Religious conflicts such as the Protestant Reformation also kept the English busy for many years. What steps from 1575-1600 brought England closer to colonizing the New world? The English started to realize that colonization was important and started competing with the Spanish.

• The defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 allowed for the blossoming of England and the downfall of Spain, with the English having acquired many of the traits the Spanish had had about a century before.
• Explain how conditions in England around 1600 made it “ripe” to colonize North America.
• Many things had improved in England to start colonization such as peace with Spain, major population growth which would provide workers, and joint-stock companies would help to regulate the economy.

Give at least three reasons that so many of the Jamestown settlers died. Disease, malnutrition, and starvation were a few reasons that caused the deaths of so many Jamestown settlers. What factors led to the poor relations between Europeans and Native Americans in Virginia? The natives served no real purpose for the Virginians, they did nothing with the economy and were only using up the valuable land the Europeans wanted to have.

1. The Anglo-Powhatan Wars showed how the Europeans found the natives useless and were willing to dispose of them.
2. By 1620 Virginia had already developed many of the features that were important to it two centuries later.” Explain.
3. Virginia became one of the main producers of tobacco which allowed its economy to blossom and stabilize.

The House of Burgesses was also created which would have a long lasting impact on the colony and the rest of America. In what ways was Maryland different than Virginia? Maryland was different than Virginia because this colony allowed a safe place for Catholics to live in as well as protection.

What historical consequences resulted from the cultivation of sugar instead of tobacco in the British colonies in the West Indies? Tobacco was easily cultivated while sugar was much more complicated and needed more investment. This led to the West Indies depending on North America for their sugar production and when some English farmers were tired of being squeezed by the rich, they migrated south, settling in Carolina.

Why did Carolina become a place for aristocratic whites and many black slaves? Carolina was a place for aristocratic whites because of its aristocratic founders who established the colony, and a place for many black slaves because they were shipped to Carolina to help cultivate rice, the main export of the colony.

North Carolina was called “a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit.” Explain. This means that North Carolina was the modest and most independent-minded colony (along with Rhode Island) considering it was between the two aristocratic colonies of Virginia and South Carolina- the mountains of conceit.

In what ways was Georgia unique among the southern colonies? Georgia was unique because it was a buffer protecting the Carolinas from Spain and France. In return, Georgia was given a lot of funding for taking on this role. How did the political structure of the Iroquois prove to be first a strength and ultimately a weakness? They had a strong confederation with an organized system but eventually with the settlers establishing colonies they would not be able to live the lives they were used to for so long.

Which Southern colony was the most different from the others? Explain. North Carolina because it was not aristocratic and was not a strong believer on slave trade. American Spirit Notes: The Starving Time: This is important because we are shown the severity of the starving time and what people had to go through.

Smith also talks about the savages and how they revolted and were useless to the settlers. The Great Indian Uprising: This is important because this shows a key reason in issues between the colonists and the natives. Waterhouse also discusses how Virginians wanted the Natives to become Christians since they relied on their faith for how good they were to them, but they were wrong.

The Intolerant Act of Toleration: This shows how important religion was in the colonies, and how many there consequences were for people unwilling to respect the Catholics and other co-religionists. This also shows that there would have probably been many executions if the laws had been strictly enforced.

Class Notes :

Britain is becoming powerful Protestant England put into conflict with catholic Spain Elizabeth I wants to protect England and Spanish Gold and colonies Sir Francis Jake: 4,600% Return on investment, would steal money from the Spanish

Sir Walter Raleigh

Establishes 1st English colony in North America at Roanoke island Fails in 1585, tried again in 1587 Colony disappears by 1591 Notable for bringing tobacco back to England

Spanish Armada

Created to attack the British The English become the world power because they had the most powerful navy

Why did people want to leave England?

1590’s recession 1607 settlement in Jamestown Get rich quickly with the Virginia Company (1606)

Captain John Smith

He was the man who realized the colonists should be more worried about surviving than digging for gold

Lord de la Warr

Resupplies colony in 1610 Brings military into colony Starts was with Powhatan tribe

Powhatan Tribe

Most are gone or have migrated west by 1685

John Rolfe

Brings tobacco to the colony

Jamestown

Populations increase over time but decrease greatly in the winter Large plantations that are largely spread apart (makes social events more difficult, and it is more difficult to protect yourself) Hard to maintain with such large plantations

Indentured Servants

Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid Contract: 5-7 years, promised “freedom dues”, forbidden to marry, low survival rate Over time became replaced by slaves

Maryland

Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore Catholic Refuge (1649 Toleration Act)

Carolinas & Georgia

Coming from Virginia or the Sugar Islands Georgia: debtors and petty criminals Georgia acts as the buffer between Spain and England Indigo and rice are the top crops

Why was Maryland a successful colony?

The first factor that brought settlers to Maryland was for religious freedom. The second factor was for profit from business. The third reason that helped to populate the colony was forced migration. American continent were unsuccessful.

In what way were Virginia and Maryland very much alike?

In what way were Virginia and Maryland very much alike? They both focused on the cultivation of tobacco as a cash crop.

What was significant about the meeting between Maryland and Virginia?

Conference – The conference reconvened at Mount Vernon on March 25, 1785, with Washington presiding. Maryland’s representatives were empowered to discuss with Virginia their shared concerns involving the Potomac and Pocomoke Rivers, and the Chesapeake Bay.

However, the Virginia legislature’s instructions to its appointees focused solely on the Potomac. Nonetheless, common ground was found, and on March 28, a final report was prepared for both state legislatures. The report contained 13 clauses and was ratified by Maryland and Virginia. It declared the Potomac, which was under Maryland’s sole jurisdiction, to be a common waterway for use by Virginia as well.

It provided for reciprocal fishing rights, dividing the costs of constructing navigation aids, co-operation on defense and cases of piracy. It also called for commissioners to deal with any future problems that might arise. Political leaders in Pennsylvania and Delaware were invited to join the agreement as well. View of the Potomac from Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia, toward the Maryland shore

Why was Maryland unique in its founding?

The Province of Maryland—also known as the Maryland Colony—was founded in 1632 as a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti-Catholic persecution in Europe. The colony was established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (also known as Lord Baltimore), who also governed the Colony of Newfoundland and the Province of Avalon.

How did both Maryland and Virginia become prosperous by the mid 1600s?

By 1700, the Virginia colonists had made their fortunes through the cultivation of tobacco, setting a pattern that was followed in Maryland and the Carolinas. In political and religious matters, Virginia differed considerably from the New England colonies.

The Church of England was the established church in Virginia, which meant taxpayers paid for the support of the church whether or not they were Anglicans. But church membership ultimately mattered little, since a lack of clergymen and few churches kept many Virginians from attending church. Religion thus was of secondary importance in the Virginia colony.

Virginia’s colonial government structure resembled that of England’s county courts and contrasted with the theocratic government of Massachusetts Bay. A royal governor appointed justices of the peace, who set tax rates and saw to the building and maintenance of public works, such as bridges and roads.

In the 1650s, the colonial assembly adopted a bicameral pattern: the House of Burgesses (the elected lower house) and an appointed Governor’s Council. The assembly met regularly, not so much for representative government as for the opportunity to raise taxes. The founding of Maryland, Maryland was the first proprietary colony, based on a grant to Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who named the land for Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I.

Lord Baltimore planned for Maryland to serve as a haven for English Catholics who suffered political and religious discrimination in England, but few Catholics actually settled in the colony. Protestants were attracted by the inexpensive land that Baltimore offered to help him pay his debts.

1. Baltimore granted his friends the large estates, which resembled medieval manors and paved the way for the plantation system.
2. At first, relations between Maryland’s Catholics and Protestants seemed amicable.
3. For a time they even shared the same chapel.
4. In 1649, under Baltimore’s urging, the colonial assembly passed the Act of Religious Toleration, the first law in the colonies granting freedom of worship, albeit only for Christians.

By 1654, however, with Maryland’s Protestants in the majority, the act was repealed. A near civil war broke out and order was not restored until 1658, when Lord Baltimore was returned to power. Religious squabbles continued for years in the Maryland colony.

1. Chesapeake society and economy,
2. Tobacco was the mainstay of the Virginia and Maryland economies.
3. Plantations were established by riverbanks for the good soil and to ensure ease of transportation.
4. Because wealthy planters built their own wharves on the Chesapeake to ship their crop to England, town development was slow.

To cultivate tobacco, planters brought in large numbers of English workers, mostly young men who came as indentured servants. More than 110,000 had arrived in the Chesapeake region by 1700. Each indentured servant meant more land for his sponsor under the headright system, which had the effect of squeezing out small‐scale farming.

While New England was a land of towns and villages surrounded by small farms, Virginia and Maryland were characterized by large plantations and little urban development. The emphasis on indentured labor meant that relatively few women settled in the Chesapeake colonies. This fact, combined with the high mortality rate from disease—malaria, dysentery, and typhoid—slowed population growth considerably.

The one common link between New England and the Chesapeake was the treatment of the Indians. Fluctuations in Chesapeake tobacco prices caused a prolonged economic depression from 1660 into the early 1700s. Sadly, disillusioned colonists took out their frustrations on the local Indians.

In April 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a relative of Virginia Governor William Berkeley, led three hundred settlers against peaceful local tribes, killing them all. When Bacon’s force grew to twelve hundred men, he decided to drive all Indians out of the colony. Fortunately, Governor Berkeley decided that Bacon’s actions were excessive and recalled him, but Bacon’s army then rebelled against the colonial government and burned Jamestown.

Bacon went so far as to promise freedom to servants and slaves of Berkeley’s supporters, but he died suddenly, and his movement fell apart. Bacon’s Rebellion illustrated the tensions between white and Indian, planter and slave, and have and have‐not in the colony, tensions made worse by an economic depression that must have seemed without end.

• Indentured servants and slaves,
• The Chesapeake region offered little economic opportunity to indentured servants who had completed their term of obligation.
• Even with the small amount of capital needed for tobacco cultivation, former indentured servants at best became subsistence farmers, a class ripe for such calls to rebellion as those proposed by Nathaniel Bacon.

As the number of new indentured laborers declined because of limited chances for advancement and reports of harsh treatment, they were replaced by African slaves. Early in the seventeenth century, the status of slave and indentured servant was quite similar.

How did Maryland prosper?

Since 1865 After the Civil War, Maryland prospered. The state was first an important entrepôt for raw materials from, and consumer goods to, the South and Midwest and became a growing centre of industry that rarely was controlled from within the state.

What made Virginia colony unique?

Significance –

It was the first permanent English settlement in the New World at Jamestown.It provided a source of fertile land and great wealth to England in the form of the cash crop, tobacco.With the House of Burgesses, America saw the first institutional instance of representative self-government.

What advantage made Maryland economically successful?

Maryland Colony Facts: Colonial Economy – Early settlements and populations centers tended to cluster around the rivers and other waterways that empty into the Chesapeake Bay. In the 17th century, most Marylanders lived in rough conditions on small farms.

• While they raised a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, and livestock, the main cash crop was tobacco, which soon dominated the province’s economy.
• Maryland Colony developed along lines very similar to those of the colony of Virginia.
• Tobacco was used as money, and the colonial legislature passed a law requiring tobacco planters to raise a certain amount of corn as well, in order to ensure that the colonists would not go hungry.

Like Virginia, Maryland’s economy quickly became centered around the farming of tobacco for sale in Europe. The need for cheap labor to help with the growth of tobacco, and later with the mixed farming economy that developed when tobacco prices collapsed, led to a rapid expansion of indentured servants and eventually slavery.

Outside the plantations, much land was operated by independent farmers who rented from the proprietors or owned it outright. They emphasized subsistence farming to grow food for their large families. Many of the Irish and Scottish immigrants specialized in rye-whiskey making, which they sold to obtain cash.

These frontiersmen would play important roles during the American Revolutionary War,

What did the Chesapeake and New England have in common?

In both the New England and Chesapeake regions, English colonists established settler colonies based on agriculture, in contrast to French trading posts in Canada. These settlements were based on some form of agriculture and had some measure of self-sufficiency, especially in New England.

Is Virginia and Maryland the same state?

Maryland (US: /ˈmɛrɪlənd/ ( listen) MERR-il-ənd) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It shares borders with Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean to its east.

Maryland
Website	www.maryland.gov

What colony was Virginia and Maryland?

A new map of Virginia, Maryland, and the improved parts of Pennsylvania & New Jersey, 1685 map of the Chesapeake region by Christopher Browne The Chesapeake Colonies were the Colony and Dominion of Virginia, later the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Province of Maryland, later Maryland, both colonies located in British America and centered on the Chesapeake Bay,

• Settlements of the Chesapeake region grew slowly due to diseases such as malaria,
• Most of these settlers were male immigrants from England who died soon after their arrival.
• Due to the majority of men, eligible women did not remain single for long.
• The native-born population eventually became immune to the Chesapeake diseases and these colonies were able to continue through all the hardships.

The Chesapeake region had a one-crop economy, based on tobacco. This contributed to the demand for slave labor in the Southern colonies. The tobacco also depleted nutrients in the soil, and new land was continually needed for its cultivation. White indentured servants were also common in this region early in its settlement, gradually being replaced by African slaves by the latter half of the seventeenth century due to improved economic conditions in Europe and the resulting decrease in emigration to the Chesapeake region.

What was the basis of the economy in Virginia and Maryland?

By 1700, the Virginia colonists had made their fortunes through the cultivation of tobacco, setting a pattern that was followed in Maryland and the Carolinas. In political and religious matters, Virginia differed considerably from the New England colonies.

• The Church of England was the established church in Virginia, which meant taxpayers paid for the support of the church whether or not they were Anglicans.
• But church membership ultimately mattered little, since a lack of clergymen and few churches kept many Virginians from attending church.
• Religion thus was of secondary importance in the Virginia colony.

Virginia’s colonial government structure resembled that of England’s county courts and contrasted with the theocratic government of Massachusetts Bay. A royal governor appointed justices of the peace, who set tax rates and saw to the building and maintenance of public works, such as bridges and roads.

In the 1650s, the colonial assembly adopted a bicameral pattern: the House of Burgesses (the elected lower house) and an appointed Governor’s Council. The assembly met regularly, not so much for representative government as for the opportunity to raise taxes. The founding of Maryland, Maryland was the first proprietary colony, based on a grant to Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore, who named the land for Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I.

Lord Baltimore planned for Maryland to serve as a haven for English Catholics who suffered political and religious discrimination in England, but few Catholics actually settled in the colony. Protestants were attracted by the inexpensive land that Baltimore offered to help him pay his debts.

Baltimore granted his friends the large estates, which resembled medieval manors and paved the way for the plantation system. At first, relations between Maryland’s Catholics and Protestants seemed amicable. For a time they even shared the same chapel. In 1649, under Baltimore’s urging, the colonial assembly passed the Act of Religious Toleration, the first law in the colonies granting freedom of worship, albeit only for Christians.

By 1654, however, with Maryland’s Protestants in the majority, the act was repealed. A near civil war broke out and order was not restored until 1658, when Lord Baltimore was returned to power. Religious squabbles continued for years in the Maryland colony.

1. Chesapeake society and economy,
2. Tobacco was the mainstay of the Virginia and Maryland economies.
3. Plantations were established by riverbanks for the good soil and to ensure ease of transportation.
4. Because wealthy planters built their own wharves on the Chesapeake to ship their crop to England, town development was slow.

To cultivate tobacco, planters brought in large numbers of English workers, mostly young men who came as indentured servants. More than 110,000 had arrived in the Chesapeake region by 1700. Each indentured servant meant more land for his sponsor under the headright system, which had the effect of squeezing out small‐scale farming.

While New England was a land of towns and villages surrounded by small farms, Virginia and Maryland were characterized by large plantations and little urban development. The emphasis on indentured labor meant that relatively few women settled in the Chesapeake colonies. This fact, combined with the high mortality rate from disease—malaria, dysentery, and typhoid—slowed population growth considerably.

The one common link between New England and the Chesapeake was the treatment of the Indians. Fluctuations in Chesapeake tobacco prices caused a prolonged economic depression from 1660 into the early 1700s. Sadly, disillusioned colonists took out their frustrations on the local Indians.

In April 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a relative of Virginia Governor William Berkeley, led three hundred settlers against peaceful local tribes, killing them all. When Bacon’s force grew to twelve hundred men, he decided to drive all Indians out of the colony. Fortunately, Governor Berkeley decided that Bacon’s actions were excessive and recalled him, but Bacon’s army then rebelled against the colonial government and burned Jamestown.

Bacon went so far as to promise freedom to servants and slaves of Berkeley’s supporters, but he died suddenly, and his movement fell apart. Bacon’s Rebellion illustrated the tensions between white and Indian, planter and slave, and have and have‐not in the colony, tensions made worse by an economic depression that must have seemed without end.

• Indentured servants and slaves,
• The Chesapeake region offered little economic opportunity to indentured servants who had completed their term of obligation.
• Even with the small amount of capital needed for tobacco cultivation, former indentured servants at best became subsistence farmers, a class ripe for such calls to rebellion as those proposed by Nathaniel Bacon.

As the number of new indentured laborers declined because of limited chances for advancement and reports of harsh treatment, they were replaced by African slaves. Early in the seventeenth century, the status of slave and indentured servant was quite similar.